Hey Tobias,
As you suspect, the reason why it's slow is because the resource manager in YARN takes a while to grant resources. This is because YARN needs to first set up the application master container, and then this AM needs to request more containers for Spark executors. I think this accounts for most of the overhead. The remaining source probably comes from how our own YARN integration code polls application (every second) and cluster resource states (every 5 seconds IIRC). I haven't explored in detail whether there are optimizations there that can speed this up, but I believe most of the overhead comes from YARN itself.
In other words, no I don't know of any quick fix on your end that you can do to speed this up.
-Andrew